A septic tank takes raw sewage in, allows the solids to settle (sludge) and the remaining liquid to flow into the surrounding soil by means of a soak away. Scum on the surface is also prevented from leaving the tank. Microorganisms in the anaerobic environment in the tank digest the sludge and scum. The system consists of several stages: supply to the tank, the tank itself and the soak field. Septic tanks take sewage (grey water – washing and household waste and black water – sewage from latrines,) but not rainwater. Sludge volume is reduced by microbial action but still needs periodic emptying. Septic tanks provide partial treatment of wastewater. The soakfield provides secondary treatment in the form of subsoil infiltration. Rural areas that do not have a sewage network may construct septik tanks as an alternative. The following article, published by Oxfam demonstrates the guidelines for the construction of septic tanks.
