The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change and agricultural development experts have highlighted that the world’s dry areas will be severely affected by climate change, putting at high risk agricultural production, food security and human livelihoods in these already vulnerable areas, and urgent coordinated efforts are essential to develop both effective climate change adaptation strategies and mitigation measures. More than 200 policy decision-makers and scientists from 29 countries from across the globe met in Amman, Jordan, on February 1-4, 2010 at the Climate Change in Dry Areas.